What is IP Address ll Know about IP Address ll

This You should know about IP Address:-

If I say in a simple way about IP Address then

 The "IP" part of IP address stands for "Internet Protocol." The "address" part refers to a unique number that gets linked to all online activity you do...somewhat like a return address on a letter you'd send out. 

Let me tell you things that you better know about IP Address, Probably you know some of them already.

We need Them… Period.!!

yes I said it. we need them for connecting different systems/devices on network in order to communicate with each-other/Internet.

IP Addresses are Logical Address:

An IP address is not a physical address that means IP Address of a device may change. The current IP address of your device on which you are reading this answer may change. once you go to Starbucks you connect your device to their wi-fi router more likely you will get a completely different IP Address. This happens every time when you connect your laptop/i pad with different network. You get different IP Address.

So IP Address is a Logical Address.

Two versions of IP:

IPv4 & IPv6 :

IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) :

We have been using it for long time.

32 bit Binary Number divided in 4 Octets (Set of 8 bit).

When it is written in decimal number each Octet ranges from 0 to 255.

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) :

It is like a new thing. It has been out there for years.

Upgraded version of IPv4.

Many ISPs are implementing IPv6 .

128 bit hexa decimal number.

There are 2 methods for assigning IP Addresses :

Dynamic :

when you go home you connect to wifi router that router has some enable services named DHCP which provides IP Addresses that your machine is getting. so you don’t have to do anything in order to assign IP Address to a device.

Static:

we physically go to device and statically assign IP Address to servers/printers/other resources which provide services to end systems.

Classes Full and Class Less IP Addresses :

5 Classes of IP Addresses (Class full IP Addresses) :

More likely the ones which you need to know are 3 :

CLASS A - Reserved for Government Organisations.

CLASS B - Reserved for Medium Companies.

CLASS C - Reserved for Small Companies.

The other 2 are :

CLASS D - Reserved for Multicasting.

CLASS E - Reserved for Experimental Purposes.

Private & Public IP Addresses:

Private

IP Address are for private networks.It could be of 10 or 100 or may be thousands of thousands networks. Which will use same type of IP Addresses and that is completely fine because it’s a private network.

Public

IP Addresses of Web Servers. when we reach out a websites like , , , , Fb, they have hundreds of ip address to distribute all the traffic coming in. So it has to be unique.

IP Addresses are Unique:

IP Address of a system in a local area network should be unique. If you have 100 devices on a same network better make sure they do not have same IP Address.

If we go to the public area network same again we have to make sure that the IP Address that a web server has no other web server or any other network device in public network should have.

IP Addresses Identifies a Device on a Network:

Yess.. it makes sense too. Once you have a subnet mask you will be able to identify a network Id and Host Id in an IP Address.

Network Id and Host Id :

An IP Address has Network Id and Host Id. Network Id/Host Id could be of any number of bits depending on the class and subnet mask.

Layer 3 of the OSI Model:

Network Layer ..yesss. This is where IP Address are. It is one of the biggest protocol out there. Internet Protocol (UDP protocol)

Router

Routers reads IP Addresses. They are Layer 3 Devices. There is Routing Table which tells how to get from one network to another.

Network A to Network B

Network A to Network C

Network B to Network C

etc. Based on IP Addresses.

Packets:

We get data in form of PDU from top 3 layers and then when data enters in 4th layer i.e. Transport Layer it becomes Segment and when that same segment enters in Layer 3 i.e. Network Layer it becomes a Packet. once you pull that packet you will see a Destination IP Address and a Source IP Address

Routing Table:

Once you write a command ‘show ip route’ you will see a lot depending upon how big your network is. You could see probably a hundreds of IP Addresses.

DHCP (Pool of IP Addresses)

when we want dynamic IP Address allocation. We need DHCP. Servers like windows server 2012/ windows server 2016/windows server 2019, infovlox are used to manager and configure DHCP. Once DHCP is enabled as a role to one of the server then you can assign pool of IP Address saying

for abc VLANS i want 123 IP Addresses.

for xyz VLANS i want 456 IP Addresses.

etc.

DHCP provides

Subnet Mask

Default Gateway

DNS

and of course IP Address to a device.

DHCP can also be set upped in a Router.

NIC Card :

Nic card are also assigned an IP Address to their ports.

Switches and Routers:

Different ports of Switches and Routers can be assigned different IP Address.

TCP/IP Settings:

Go to cmd and type ipconfig/all all TCP/IP settings will come up.

DHCP provides up TCP/IP settings

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol):

MAC Addresses with same IP Addresses. In a LAN, a Switch connects different devices. You send a message from device A to device B and you only know the IP Address of device B so now you request a switch giving it the IP Address of system B to connect it but wait a minute switch works on Physical addresses. Switches won’t get your request. So to tackle such situations/Problems ARP helps switch and provides MAC Address of device B.

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